Definition: Zero-based budgeting or ZBB, is an emerging budgeting technique, which is introduced with the aim of coping with the demerits of the traditional budgeting system. Zero-based budgeting is different from the incremental (conventional) budgeting system in the sense that the former begins with a zero base, i.e. from a scratch and are not based on previous trends. In … [Read more...] about Zero-Based Budgeting (ZBB)
Tax
Definition: Tax refers to a mandatory financial contribution to the country's revenue, imposed by the government on the income of people, business profits, activities or included in the cost of goods, services or transactions. The taxes are the primary source of government revenue, which is used to finance government expenditure on the provision of education, health care, … [Read more...] about Tax
Goodwill
Definition: In business terminology, goodwill is the monetary worth of the advantage which a firm possesses over the other firms in the market with respect to profits which are expected to be derived in future over and above the normal profits. As the time goes by, a business develops a good reputation, name, strong connections and a heavy customer base in the market, which … [Read more...] about Goodwill
Public Finance
Definition: Public Finance implies a branch of economics, which is concerned with government activities and the various sources of financing expenditure. Basically, it deals with government revenue, expenses, and debt, as well as its impact on the entire economy. As its name suggests, public finance is all about the management of finances of the public authorities or public … [Read more...] about Public Finance
Responsibility Centre
Definition: Responsibility Centre refers to an operating segment within the firm, lead by the manager who is accountable for its activities, performance and results, in terms of expenditure, profit, and return on investment. A responsibility centre has its own goal and objectives, plans and strategies, policies and procedures. Further, it has a dedicated team or staff who … [Read more...] about Responsibility Centre
Economic Activity
Definition: Economic Activities implies all the activities of producing, distributing, trading, consuming, exchanging and supplying, goods and services of value, at any level, in a society, for monetary consideration. These activities are undertaken with the aim of making money, acquiring wealth, earning a livelihood, and generating income from different sources. The … [Read more...] about Economic Activity
Economies of Scale
Definition: Economies of Scale can be understood as the proportionate reduction in the cost achieved by increasing the scale of production or expansion in the size of the plant, often gauged by the quantity of output produced, wherein the per unit cost of output decreases with the increasing level of production. Therefore, when there is a fall in the long run average cost of … [Read more...] about Economies of Scale
Factors of Production
Definition: In economics, factors of production, as the name signifies are the inputs or say resources acquired by the firm to use them in the production of goods or services, so as to earn a profit. The word 'production' refers to a systematic process of converting the inputs, into finished products, which can be goods or services. For this purpose, the product has to pass … [Read more...] about Factors of Production
Supply
Definition: In economics, "Supply" implies the quantity (how much) of a commodity that the producers, manufacturers or sellers are willing and able to offer to the market at different prices during a particular period of time. Basically, supply is something that the firm offers for sale, to the target audience in the market, which may not be something that the firm succeeds … [Read more...] about Supply
Demand
Definition: The word 'demand' is used to imply the quantity (how much) of a given commodity or service, the consumers are willing and able to buy, in a market during the particular period of time, at any price, or at any income or at any price of related goods. Demand is not just the desire for the commodity, rather when the desire is supported by the means to purchase, the … [Read more...] about Demand