Definition: Alderfer’s ERG Theory is the extension of Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy, wherein the Maslow’s five needs are categorized into three categories, Viz. Existence Needs, Relatedness Needs, and Growth Needs. An American psychologist Clayton Paul Alderfer had proposed this theory and believed that each need carries some value and hence can be classified as lower-order needs … [Read more...] about Alderfer’s ERG Theory
McClelland’s Needs Theory
Definition: McClelland's Needs Theory was proposed by a psychologist David McClelland, who believed that the specific needs of the individual are acquired over a period of time and gets molded with one’s experience of the life. McClelland's Needs Theory is sometimes referred to as Three Need theory or Learned Needs Theory. McClelland has identified three basic motivating … [Read more...] about McClelland’s Needs Theory
Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory
Definition: The Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory is given by Fredrick Herzberg and his associates, who studied the variables that are perceived to be desirable to achieve goals and the undesirable conditions to avoid. In this context, the study was conducted wherein the experiences and feelings of 200 engineers and accountants were analyzed. They were asked to share … [Read more...] about Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory
Maslow’s Need Hierarchy
Definition: The Maslow’s Need Hierarchy is given by Abraham Maslow, who has explained the strength of certain needs at the different point of time. Maslow has given a framework that helps to understand the strength of needs and how a person moves from one need to the other when the basic needs are fulfilled. These needs are arranged in the hierarchical form as shown … [Read more...] about Maslow’s Need Hierarchy
Theories of Motivation
Definition: There are several Theories of Motivation that are developed to explain the concept of “Motivation”. The motivation is a drive that forces an individual to work in a certain way. It is the energy that pushes us to work hard to accomplish the goals, even if the conditions are not going our way. With the establishment of human organizations, people tried to find out … [Read more...] about Theories of Motivation
Social Learning Theory
Definition: The Social Learning Theory is given by Albert Bandura, who believed that individual learns behavior by observing the others. Simply, by observing the other person’s behavior, attitude, and the outcome of that behavior, an individual learns how to behave in a given situation, depending on the consequences observed. The social learning theory acts a bridge between … [Read more...] about Social Learning Theory
Cognitive Learning Theory
Definition: Edward Tolman has contributed significantly to the Cognitive Learning Theory. According to him, individuals not only responds to stimuli but also act on beliefs, thoughts, attitudes, feelings and strive towards goals. In other words, An individual creates a cognitive map in his mind, i.e. an image of the external environment, preserves and organizes information … [Read more...] about Cognitive Learning Theory
Operant Conditioning
Definition: The Operant Conditioning theory states that people are likely to emit responses that are rewarded and will not emit any responses that are neither followed by any reward nor punishment. Thus, an individual tries to establish an association between a particular behavior and consequence. The Operant Conditioning Theory is given by B.F. Skinner, who believed that … [Read more...] about Operant Conditioning
Classical Conditioning Theory
Definition: The Classical Conditioning Theory was proposed by a Russian Physiologist Ivan Pavlov. According to this theory, behavior is learnt by a repetitive association between the response and the stimulus. The classical conditioning theory is based on the assumption that learning is developed through the interactions with the environment. Also, the environment shapes the … [Read more...] about Classical Conditioning Theory
Conditioning Theory
Definition: The Conditioning Theory refers to the behavioral process, whereby a reaction (response) becomes more frequent to a given object (stimulus) as a result of reinforcement, which is a reward for the response in a given situation. In other words, conditioning is a process in which the ineffective object or event becomes so much effective that it makes the hidden … [Read more...] about Conditioning Theory