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Definition: The Operant Conditioning theory states that people are likely to emit responses that are rewarded and will not emit any responses that are neither followed by any reward nor punishment. Thus, an individual tries to establish an association between a particular behavior and consequence. The Operant Conditioning Theory is given by B.F. Skinner, who believed that … [Read more...] about Operant Conditioning

Definition: The Classical Conditioning Theory was proposed by a Russian Physiologist Ivan Pavlov. According to this theory, behavior is learnt by a repetitive association between the response and the stimulus. The classical conditioning theory is based on the assumption that learning is developed through the interactions with the environment. Also, the environment shapes the … [Read more...] about Classical Conditioning Theory

Definition: The Conditioning Theory refers to the behavioral process, whereby a reaction (response) becomes more frequent to a given object (stimulus) as a result of reinforcement, which is a reward for the response in a given situation. In other words, conditioning is a process in which the ineffective object or event becomes so much effective that it makes the hidden … [Read more...] about Conditioning Theory

Definition: The Learning is the enduring change in the behavior brought about as consequences of experience. Simply, learning is the acquisition of new behaviors. It is agreed that learning involves changes in the behavior, that we practice in our daily lives and which becomes a permanent part of our existing set of behaviors. Several experts are still skeptical about the … [Read more...] about Theories of Learning

Definition: The Glass Ceiling refers to the unseen and yet unbreakable barrier that prevents women and minorities from reaching to the higher positions in the organization, irrespective of their achievements and qualifications. In other words, an invisible upper limit in the organization, beyond which it is very difficult or sometimes impossible for a woman or minority men … [Read more...] about Glass Ceiling

Definition: The Social Loafing is the tendency of an individual to put less effort into the job when he is a part of the group, as compared to when he is working alone. The concept of social loafing can be further comprehended through a “free rider effect” and the “sucker effect”. The former effect is based on an individual’s assumption that, if he does not perform his task, … [Read more...] about Social Loafing

Definition: The Group Development means, forming the association of people to work as a group and direct their actions towards the accomplishment of a common goal. The jobs of each group member are interdependent and hence the performance of one will affect the entire group’s performance. It is often called as a team building or team development. The most famous and a … [Read more...] about Stages of Group Development

Definition: The Self Theory emphasizes on the set of perceptions an individual has for himself and the perceptions of the relationships he has with others and the other aspects of life. Carl Rogers has contributed significantly towards the self theory. The self theory comprises of four factors that are explained below:   Self-Image: Self-image means what an … [Read more...] about Self Theory

Definition: The Trait Theory asserts that an individual is composed of a set of definite predisposition attributes called as traits. These traits are distinguishable and often long lasting quality or a characteristic of a person that makes him different from the others. The two most common trait theories are: Allport’s Trait Theory: This theory is given by Gordon Allport. … [Read more...] about Trait Theory

Definition: The Socio-Psychological Theory asserts that individual and society are interlinked. This means, an individual strives to meet the needs of the society and the society helps him to attain his goals. Through this interaction, the personality of an individual is determined. The Socio-Psychological theory is the contribution of Adler, Horney, Forman and Sullivan. … [Read more...] about Socio-Psychological Theory